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“Unification of Taoism and Things”: The Practicality and Openness of Confucian History Metaphysics
Author: Chen Yun
Source: Author Author Authorized by Confucian Network, Original from “Fujian Forum (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)” 2023 Issue 10
Abstract: “Seeing it in action” is the principle of Chinese historical consciousness, embedded in China’s historical traditions, and it forms the basic principle of “integration of Tao and things” that not only uses empty words (concepts, theory, academic statement, etc.) to clarify the truth, but to understand the truth and embody the truth in the matter. This principle means that the metaphysical connection between Tao and things in Confucian history is the original connection between Tao and things. The appearance of Tao cannot be as good as the things that people do. The appearance of Tao is superior to the existence of Tao, and the appearance of Tao is used to highlight the actual morality of Confucian history. Based on the unity of Taoism, Confucianism highlights the openness of Taoism, which means that Tao is not unable to be suppressed by saints and books, but is open to the order of exploration and preservation of meanings of all people. The truth of Taoism and its differences and their differences form the development of human civilization, and the participation of Taoism is the participation of civilization. In this sense, the metaphysical direction of the historical metaphysics of “the unity of Tao and affairs” is the historical view of civilization.
Keywords: Integration of Taoism and affairs; Confucianism; metaphysics of history; openness; practical morality
Author introduction: Chen Yun, Ph.D., Chinese Modern Thoughtful Civilization Research Institute and Zhejiang Ma Yifu School of Education, Special Advisory and Ph.D. Student Director Jiang Student Special Advisory Teaching
Confucius set the following basics for the study of history: “It is better to see the deep and clear words that I want to write about in my actions.” [1] The “action” here is “old things”, that is, the “story” that happened in the past: “action is the past”, “action is the old things”, and “what is the old things”. [2] Specifically speaking, Confucius’ work “Age”, “acting” is a work that takes place in age 242 years. [3] The “that” of “seeing it to act” is a principle or a moral. “Seeing it in action” is the principle of Chinese historical consciousness. It is embedded in China’s historical traditions and forms a writing principle that not only uses empty words (concepts, theory, academic speech, etc.) to clarify the truth, but also uses the truth to understand the truth and to express the truth in the matter. [4] This historical book principle can be called “the unity of Tao and things”, which means that we should understand the Tao without leaving things and limit the truth of things. As a principle of historical learning, it also expresses a kind of historical metaphysical learning of “the unity of Tao and affairs”.
1. “The unity of Tao and things”: the metaphysical way and the original connection between “things”
When certifying history, the evidence given by Wang Shouren is “the unity of Tao and things”: “The history of saying things through the truth,The truth is said to the Tao. Things are the way, Tao is the thing, “Year” is also the story, and the five stories are also history… The things are the same, and the ways are the same. ”【5】Of course, Wang Shouren’s goal is to connect the six things and all things with his heart (confidant). The so-called “six things are the records of my heart. The reality of the six realms is contained in my heart, and the realities of the industry and warehouses are hidden in their homes. Their records are specially named after the number of statuses. [6]. Despite this, through the “records of my heart”, things and history still point to specificity. Through this specificity, while Wang Shouren determined the relationship between Tao and all personal natures, he also specifically emphasized the relationship between Tao and all personal natures: “The Tao is the common way. It lies in the destiny of heaven, its responsibilities in the actions of man, and its responsibilities in the heart of the body. The mind is nature, fate, and oneness. ”【7】
The saying of “The Tao and Things are Integrated”博搜 is not a unique creation of Yangming’s mind, because it leads Tao to the realities related to things, and deeply into the original order of the body’s experience. Tao is not separated from things, and people’s cultivation of Tao must be achieved through actions. Things are human activities. In things, people not only deal with people, but also meet things. But This kind of encounter is not about treating objects that are guest objects with an intellectual view, but dealing with them. The Tao does not leave things, which means that Tao cannot remove people’s activities and cannot remove people’s participation and is manifested by others. Tao is not a object transformed by people, but the condition that people appear is that people participate in Tao in things. “The Tao is not manifested by the appearance of form, but is always carried out between things… There is nothing in the world outside the Tao. ”【8】 Therefore, Tao means things, “The way of holy things is not separated from everything, that is, Tao is there, that is, everything is learned. If you want to first learn from Tao and then speak and learn, then leave Tao and things and analyze learning and learn and learn” [9]. In fact, the learning of the Qing Dynasty “takes things as a lesson, but has not been empty talk in life” [10]. Yan once said: “There must be something, which is the key to learning. If you have things to keep in mind, you will cultivate things to your body, and your family will be in harmony and governance. Nothing is done, and the way and governance are both ruined. Therefore, the correct virtue, application, and prosperity are called things, and the lack of understanding of things is not virtue, use, or birth. The virtue and nature are called things, and do not entail things, neither virtue nor practice nor art. ”【11】Yuan Yuan regards things and things as methods of showing Tao, and has no matter what Tao and governance are both destroyed. He uses a very real method to highlight the reality of things to the Tao. Behind this is a sage of the emphasis on the real priority. This slogan has a worldly desire to highlight the academic spirit. With this protagonist: Song Wei, Chen Jubai┃Supporting role: Xue Hua┃Others: In contrast, Ruan Yuan believes: “The way of a sage is not unaware of the way but only in words. ”【12】In terms of Taoism, good practicebenefiting contract is the personal experience of the Tao in his life, in his existence, and in his actions, not in his words. Even if the words themselves can be said to be an action, but in fact, this action is not an action in the original meaning, the original meaningImportant action – act is carried out between one person and others and in transitive situations. Acting means dealing with people, and dealing with people must be unfolded in the surrounding world, so acting is another kind of “life” or “response”.
The six chapters are all history and history records events. This means that the way stated is not a work written by a saint that expresses his personal thoughts. On the contrary, the common way associated with it is the continuous accumulation and clearness of the saints in the long-term management practices (“things”) during the past. After leaving the burly things in the history process and their experience, the Tao will not be visible. Tao is not the object of what is believed and seen in the body, but the path of common destiny between all things. Therefore, it develops the order of common destiny between people and all things, and at the same time it cannot open the opening of the saints to Tao in the realization of the whole country. However, the six things used to carry out the Tao are all the actions of ancient sages, and the actions of ancient sages cannot be as good as the entire body of the Tao. If you think that the basic principles of the earth can be as follows, it will not be able to prevent the earth from entering the school, but will be opened to the experience of the body outside the school.
It is not difficult to see that by conveying the Tao, history records things; by dividing history with Tao and event, it is of course one aspect of work, but the other aspect is the original unity of the historical relationship, which is related to the following truth: things are the Tao, and Tao does not leave things. If you cannot understand the unity and only know the division, then you cannot understand the real historical relationship. Therefore, Xue Ying pointed out: “Su Xun said: “The law of Tao is used to promote the Tao, and history is used to promote the word of the story. However, the Confucian scholars in the world have followed the story of the Tao, and history is used to carry out the story. If you don’t know how to understand history, things are contained in the Tao, and history is also used to carry out the story, and history is used to carry out the Tao. It is different if it fails to achieve th TC:
